Maqashid Al-khamsah dalam Ekonomi Islam: Perspektif Al-Ghazali, As Syatibi, dan Ibnu Khaldun

Abstract

The fundamental concept of Islamic law, Maqashid Syariah, aims to create benefits (al-maslahah) and prevent harm (al-mafsadah) for humanity. This concept also serves as a foundation for building a fair, balanced, and sustainable economic system. This article examines the contributions of Imam Al-Ghazali, Imam Asy-Syatibi, and Ibn Khaldun to the development of the Maqashid Syariah concept, particularly in the context of Islamic economics. Al-Ghazali outlines five main objectives of Syariah: the protection of religion, life, intellect, lineage, and property. These serve as the basis for the application of Islamic law. Additionally, Asy-Syatibi expands on this idea by categorizing human needs into dharuriyyat, hajiyyat, and tahsiniyyat, providing flexibility in the application of law according to the prevailing circumstances. Although Ibn Khaldun does not specifically discuss maqashid, he emphasizes that the synergy between syariah and politics is crucial for achieving social and economic stability. This research aims to strengthen the philosophical and methodological foundations for the implementation of Islamic economics. Furthermore, this study also seeks to enrich the literature that connects classical theory with contemporary economic issues. A deep understanding of Maqashid Syariah is expected to serve as an alternative model for addressing the ethical crises and injustices occurring within the global capitalist structure.